VOLAPUK RUSSIAN TRANSLITERATION SERIES

The International Phonetic Alphabet is the most common system of phonetic transcription.įor most language pairs, building a usable romanization involves trade-offs between the two extremes. In practice such a representation almost never tries to represent every possible allophone-especially those that occur naturally due to coarticulation effects-and instead limits itself to the most significant allophonic distinctions. Some reversible systems allow for an irreversible simplified version.Ī phonetic conversion goes one step further and attempts to depict all phones in the source language, sacrificing legibility if necessary by using characters or conventions not found in the target script. Reversibility – Whether or not the original can be restored from the converted text.This affects the ease of creation, digital storage and transmission, reproduction, and reading of the romanized text. Simplicity – Since the basic Latin alphabet has a smaller number of letters than many other writing systems, digraphs, diacritics, or special characters must be used to represent them all in Latin script.(So-called international romanization systems for Cyrillic text are based on central-European alphabets like the Czech and Croatian alphabet.) Target, or receiver language – Most systems are intended for an audience that speaks or reads a particular language.A language-specific system typically preserves language features like pronunciation, while the general one may be better for cataloguing international texts.

VOLAPUK RUSSIAN TRANSLITERATION SERIES

Source, or donor language – A system may be tailored to romanize text from a particular language, or a series of languages, or for any language in a particular writing system.A particular system's characteristics may make it better-suited for various, sometimes contradictory applications, including document retrieval, linguistic analysis, easy readability, faithful representation of pronunciation. They can be classified by their characteristics. There are many consistent or standardized romanization systems. Transcription methods can be subdivided into phonemic transcription, which records the phonemes or units of semantic meaning in speech, and more strict phonetic transcription, which records speech sounds with precision. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, for representing the spoken word, and combinations of both. Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Mandarin Chinese, like many languages, can be romanized in a number of ways above: Traditional and Simplified Chinese, and Hanyu Pinyin, Gwoyeu Romatzyh, Wade-Giles and Yale.

Volapuk russian transliteration